Many mushroom-forming fungi cannot be cultured in the laboratory nor can be genetically modified. Moreover, they have been identified as promising cell factories for the production of pharmaceutical proteins ( Berends et al., 2009). Mushrooms are an important food source ( Kües and Liu, 2000 Kothe, 2001) and they produce molecules with therapeutic activities ( Kües and Liu, 2000 Kothe, 2001) and enzymes that can be used for bioconversions ( Lomascolo et al., 1999).
The formation of these reproductive bodies represents a highly complex developmental programme. The mushroom fruiting body is the most conspicuous structure of fungi. This model most likely also applies to other mushroom-forming fungi and will serve as a basis to understand mushroom formation in nature and to enable and improve commercial mushroom production. Based on these results, a regulatory model of mushroom development in S. commune is proposed. Among the genes that were downregulated in these strains were c2h2 and hom1. A genome-wide expression analysis identified several gene classes that were differentially expressed in the strains in which either hom2 or fst4 was inactivated. Moreover, strains in which hom2 and bri1 were inactivated formed symmetrical colonies instead of irregular colonies like the wild type. This resulted in absence of mushroom development (in the case of deletion of bri1 and hom2), in arrested development at the stage of aggregate formation (in the case of c2h2) and in the formation of more but smaller mushrooms (in the case of hom1 and gat1). Here, we inactivated five additional transcription factor genes. Of these, fst3 and fst4 were shown to inhibit and induce mushroom development respectively. The genome of S. commune contains 472 genes encoding predicted transcription factors. Their development is being studied in the model basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. marmoreus.Mushrooms represent the most conspicuous structures of fungi. This research contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of the development changes before primordium of H. DEPs in the Rec stage compared with the Knot or Pri stages were significantly enriched in the metabolic-, catabolic- and carbohydrate -related process and in oxidoreductase, peptidase and hydrolase activities. Importin, dehydrogenase, heat-shock proteins, ribosomal proteins, transferases were all highly expressed in these three developmental stages. (4) Conclusions: Generally, from the 3rd day to the 10th day after scratching, mycelium recovered gradually and formed primordia. A total of 2000 proteins were classified into eight different modules by WGCNA, wherein 490 proteins were classified into the turquoise module. DEPs in the Knot or Pri stages compared with the Rec stage were significantly decreased in the metabolic-, catabolic- and carbohydrate-related process and the oxidoreductase, peptidase, and hydrolase activity, which can serve as targets for selectable molecular breeding in H. marmoreus are metabolic process, catabolic process, oxidoreductase activity and hydrolase activity. The key pathways in the development of H. A variety of the same highly expressed proteins were identified in these three developmental stages, including: glutathione S-transferase, acetyltransferase, importin, dehydrogenase, heat-shock proteins, ribosomal proteins, methyltransferase, etc. Compared with the Pri stage, 53 highly expressed proteins were identified in the Knot stage.
Compared with the Pri stage, 217 highly expressed proteins were identified in the Rec stage. Compared with the Rec stage, 218 highly expressed proteins were identified in the Knot stage. (3) Results: From the 3rd day to the 10th day after scratching, mycelium recovered gradually and formed primordia. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to divide the DEPs into different metabolic processes and pathways. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were organized. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis were performed to reveal the correlation among samples. (2) Methods: A label-free LC-MS/MS quantitative proteomic analysis technique was adopted to obtain the protein expression profiles of three groups of samples collected in different growth stages from scratching to the tenth day after scratching. However, the growth and protein expression changes from scratching to primordium are unclear. marmoreus, from primordium to mature fruiting body. In a previous study, we reported the proteomic analyses of different developmental stages of H. (1) Background: The Hypsizygus marmoreus is a popular edible mushroom in East Asian markets.
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